Tuesday, December 23, 2014

TRANSMISSION OF INFECTIOUS DISEASE (MODE OF DISSEMINATION)


Airborne (Inhalation of Bioaerosols) 

A bioaerosol contains bacteria in its center, surrounded by air and a small amount of liquid, generally saliva. Bioaerosols may be produced due to sneezing, coughing, or talking. Depending on the force of sneezing or coughing, the bioaerosol-borne microorganism can travel up to several meters in air. Almost all respiratory tract infections are airborne; some can also pass from person to person through the inhala- tion of bioaerosols. Some of the examples of airborne infections include tuberculo- sis, strep throat, diphtheria, pertussis, legionellosis, influenza, and chicken pox, and a wide range of mycotic diseases such as aspergillosis, zygomycosis, cryptococcosis, histoplasmosis, and coccidioidomycosis.


Food- and Waterborne

These diseases are acquired through the ingestion of food or water contaminated with fecal bacteria or other infectious agents. The usual portal of entry is mouth or gastrointestinal tract. Examples include cholera, typhoid, botulism, shigellosis, gas- troenteritis, leptospirosis, hepatitis A, and a number of parasitic diseases,


Zoonosis

The term “zoonosis” refers to a wide range of diseases that are transmitted via a vector, a carrier, or an infected animal. Such animals may also be infested with insects, which in turn harbor the pathogen. Examples are malaria, Lyme disease, rabies, plague, Rocky Mountain spotted fever, and some of the parasitic diseases.


Sexually Transmitted

These diseases are acquired through close contact, usually sexual intercourse. Exam- ples include syphilis, gonorrhea, HIV, hepatitis B, herpes, and nongonococcal ure- thritis. Exchange of biological fluid through oral sex should be included in this category.


Nosocomial Infections

Nosocomial infections are infections contracted during a patient’s medical care and they can include diseases contracted through fomites. Fomites are inanimate or nonliving objects, such as doorknobs, telephones, and computer keyboards, which facilitate dissemination of infectious diseases. Fomites contribute to many hospital- acquired infections. Examples include Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea, urinary tract infections, and pneumonia.

1 comment:

  1. HOW I GOT CURED OF HERPES VIRUS.

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